Adventurous Day Essay

ADVENTURES DAY â€Å"IT WAS RAINNING AND I DASHED TOWARDS A DESERTED BUILDING† with this sentence we should start the essay It was raining and as I dashed towards a deserted building when I was running to find my resort when I had been to a holiday trip GOA during the summer vacation. Previosly when my school’s summer vacation started i was really excited as we finished our exams and got a long holiday after a stressful exams. As days passed I was feeling bored and after some days, I got a call from my friends asking to go for a trip to GOA.As I was feeling bored, to pass my time I had to go for the trip. So we decided to start of the coming Monday ,it was a two week plan .We all were pretty exited about the trip ,after a long wait for about one week the day arrived when we left to GOA,we were going by train as it was more fun and could spend more time. As soon as we reached there we found that there was a vehicle waiting for our arrival ,we all got onto the car and we reached our resort within minutes.that day we all were very tired and so just slept the whole day.According to the plan we had to go to the beach . The next afternoon we went to the beach ,as soon as we reached we foud four wheel cars were there and so we decided to race .the destination was not clear to me but I was going first as everyone else had no much experience as I had cause I had drived the four wheel car several times which goes only on sand.i had no idea where I was going as I was going really fast and even the scene was pretty good following that I went too long which I did not realize until I reached a place where I was surrounded by three sides of water.then I realized that I came too far ,so I decide to follow the way I came but as I was going I reached a place where I found a road where no one was there and so I parked my four wheel car and followed the left side direction and to see it started raining and so I started getting scared and so I started running ,I just felt that some was following me while seeing back I just dashed onto a building which was deserted and then my friends come from the buiding giving m e surprise for my birthday!

Kinds of Musical Instruments Essay

Trumpet A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch. Trombone A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches. French Horn A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell. Tuba A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. A reed stop in an organ, having eight-foot pitch. Euphonium A brass wind instrument similar to the tuba but having a somewhat higher pitch and a mellower sound. Flugelhorn The could produce only the natural harmonics flugelhorn is a valved bugle developed in Germany. It has a conical bore. The bugle had no valves and therefore of the tube. Percussion instruments DRUM SET The first drum sets were put together in the late 1800s sometime after the invention of the bass drum pedal. This invention made it possible for one person to play several percussion instruments (snare drum, bass drum, and cymbals) at one time Bass Drum This drum is the largest member of the set and is played by using a foot pedal attached to a beater which then strikes the drum head. This drum produces a low deep sound. Snare Drum This shallow, cylindrical drum produces a sound that is very distinctive to the drum (higher in pitch than the bass drum). The snares,  which are bands of metal wires, are pulled across the bottom head of the drum. This produces a buzzing or snapping sound when the drum is struck using a variety of techniques. Bell Bells can be made from various materials including clay, glass or metal. It also ranges in shape and size. It may be played by lightly shaking it as in hand bells or by striking it using a metal or wooden striker or mallet. Bongo Drum Another type of drum that is mostly used in world music is the bongo drum. Bongos are played by striking the fingertips and/or the heel of the hand on the drumhead. Castanet For some reason I think of chestnuts when I hear the word castanets. True enough the word castanet was derived from the Spanish word castana meaning chestnuts. Castanets belong to the clapper family of percussion instruments. Conga Drum A conga drum is another type of percussion instrument belonging to the drum family. It is shaped somewhat like a barrel and is played the same way as the bongo drum. Conga also refers to a form of dance of Afro-Cuban origin. A perfect example is the song â€Å"Conga† by Gloria Estefan. Cymbal The player holds the strap attached to each cymbal and brushes it against each other or clash it together. It can either be held horizontally or vertically and played either loudly or softly depending on the music. Glockenspiel Glockenspiels have tuned steel bars or tubes which are struck by the musician using two beaters. The beaters may be made from metal, wood or rubber. Gong Remember that show on NBC during the 70’s hosted by Chuck Barris? It was called â€Å"The Gong Show† and it’s an amateur talent show where the gong was sounded to signal that a contestant was eliminated. Read more about the gong. Maracas The maracas is one of the easiest musical instruments to play; you just need to have a sense of rhythm, timing and a flair for shaking. Maracas are made in various materials including plastic and wood and it ranges from the very simple to the most intricate designs. Metallophone Generally, metallophones differ from xylophones because the tuned bars which are struck with a mallet are made of metal, hence the name metallophones. There are many different kinds of metallophones; here we will focus on those which are used by Indonesian gamelan orchestras. TRIANGLE The triangle is another commonly used percussion instrument. The instrument is made by bending a steel rod into a triangle shape with an opening at one corner. It is suspended by a string and struck with a steel beater to produce a tone. The instrument has been used in Europe since the 14th century. XYLOPHONE The xylophone is a mallet percussion instrument. It consists of a set of graduated wooden bars which are hit with mallets to produce a tone. Xylophones were used in Southeast Asia during the 1300s and spread to Africa, Latin America, and Europe. Woodwind Instruments Saxophone The saxophone is a member of the reed -sounded wind instruments. In its construction, it combines the single reed and mouthpiece of the clarinet, a metal body, and a widened version of the conical bore of the oboe. Bassoon The bassoon is a double reed instrument. It is made up of about eight feet of cylidrical wood tubing. There are four joints in the bassoon: the bass joint, the tenor join, the double joint, and the bell joint. Clarinet The clarinet, a member of the woodwind family, usually consists of a long tube with a mouthpiece at one end and a bell-shaped opening at the other end. Usually made of wood, the clarinet has tone holes that are covered by small metal levers Oboe The oboe is the smallest and highest pitched double reed instrument. It has a cylindrical wooden body with keys along the length of its body. English Horn The English Horn is part of the oboe family. It is also called an alto oboe because it is tuned one-fifth lower in pitch than an oboe. Its shape is similar to that of an oboe and is often played by the third oboe player in an orchestra. Flute The flute is the instrument that serves as the soprano voice in most bands, orchestras, and woodwind groups. Most flutes are made of metal and consist chiefly of a tube with a mouthpiece near one end. Piccolo The piccolo is a type of transverse flute that is pitched an octave above the concert (or standard) flute. It has a range of nearly three octaves and reaches the highest pitches of a modern orchestra. It is usually used for special effects in orchestras but is more widely used in concert and marching bands String Instruments Violin The violin, which is probably the best known orchestral instrument, is a stringed instrument that is played with a bow. The violin is the highest pitched member of the violin family, which also includes the viola, the cello, and the double bass. Viola The viola is the second highest pitched member of the violin family. It  has four strings tuned to the notes c, g, d, and a. Music for the viola is written in the alto clef. Violas vary in size, although they are always larger and tuned lower than violins. Cello The cello, also known as violoncello, is a stringed instrument which is part of the violin family. It is played with a bow much like the violin. It is also shaped liked a violin but is much larger. The cello is about four feet long and one and a half feet across at its widest part and, therefore, this member of the violin family is played sitting down String Bass The double bass (also known as the string bass, bass viol, or contrabass) is the largest and lowest pitched string instrument of the violin family. It is usually six feet high and has four strings.

Management in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Management in context - Essay Example These damaging theories have made students to believe that managers cannot be trusted. I also noticed that the theories suggest that strict supervision and control of employees is the optimal manner of operating a business. The article showed that academic research associated with business and management conduct, influences management negatively in that students relinquish their moral responsibility by learning its theories (Ghoshal, 2005). Surprises in JA2 This article demonstrated that the theories taught in universities and business schools are to blame for the managers’ poor performance. This is because the managers underutilise the available resources when they follow incorrect channels that lead to bad decisions as a result having of inadequate knowledge. Possession of relevant knowledge was emphasized in this article, where Donaldson implies that managers do not make bad decisions intentionally, but it is because of inadequate knowledge that these errors arise. â€Å"T hese errors are not intended by the managers, and are due to deficiencies in their knowledge† (Donaldson, 2002:97). A new thought was introduced when Donaldson wrote that social theories taught in business schools have had contradictions with the assumptions made in management education. â€Å"There is contradiction between the views expressed by some major contemporary social science theories taught in management schools and the assumptions on which management education is founded† (Donaldson, 2002:97). The way Donaldson proved the incompatibility of the economic and finance, strategy theory, agency theory, institutional theory, and judgmental bias theory was so convincing that I come to completely agreed with the article. The evidence In the article, Ghoshal argued that the negative management and conduct of business have been influenced by academic research learnt in business school by students who later become managers. I observed that the argument on assumptions an d ideas that Ghoshal was talking about were indeed true. â€Å"Our theories and ideas have done much to strengthen the management practices that we are all now so loudly condemning† by â€Å"adoption of a particular theory and more at the incorporation†, which have â€Å" ideologically inspired amoral theories† that are taught in business school(Ghoshal, 2005:76-76). The ideology of pessimism also known as liberalism brought a gloomy vision in management where the owners of a business do not trust the managers as it is evident in the many companies across the globe. Looking into Donaldson’s article and how he had argued, the five theories he had highlighted really contradicted optimal management of business and what students learnt in business schools. In economics and finance, when information is made public it cannot help one firm as all the other firms will have it and use it to their advantage. â€Å"Thus research-based knowledge, once public, confer s no economic advantage in (even semi strong) efficient markets. Only knowledge that is kept private can confer an advantage to the investor† (Donaldson, 2002:96). This shows that the research done in business school once made public cannot give students an upper hand. In the theory of strategy, when a firm has unique resources, it cannot disclose them to the managers, as they can reveal them to rival firms. This in turn results to resources being underutilised; therefore, failing to realize the full potential of the

Creative short story on time travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative short story on time travel - Essay Example Existing historical works give us a past, which seem so unreal and amazing. The existence of humongous animals that dwelt million years ago known as dinosaurs and mammoths, man eating raw meat, such things drove my adventurous spirit into wanting to discover more. The fact that all that happened prior to my existence and I did not get the chance to witness it all happen, made me restless. I had sleepless nights, many imaginations made me perturbed. I could not rest a second knowing that all these events passed without me witnessing. I felt jealous of the crude man for he was there and I was not. Sometimes I even despised my folks for conceiving after all the happenings. It was now obvious that I was obsessed with the past. The only thing that would calm my spirits was to visit the past and experience the happening of the events. Though it seemed absurd, I was determined to accomplish my mission. My enthusiasm brought zeal unto me. My mission was to visit my past and nothing would make me back down. My name is Robert Spencer and this is my story. I was born by a Persian mother and an Arabic father in the year 1345 of April. My mother was poor and her background was not at all stable. She lived by the hand and her little income is what sustained us. Alice Spenser was her name. Her parents who also unfortunately happened to be my grandparents disowned her when she got pregnant with me. She came from a strict background with tight moral values. Her father’s image came first then his family followed suit. Being a deacon in the church his image was very important in the society. That is the main reason her father could not tolerate early pregnancies. My father of came to Persia as a scholar. He met my mum in church and my mother mesmerized him with her aesthetical endowment. One thing led to the other and without knowing my mum was pregnant. It did not occur to her that she was with child until my dad had already left. With no way of

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems Coursework - 3

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems - Coursework Example In the health care too, the kind of leadership that has to be put in use will affect the system differently. Some of the component of the health care system that will be affected includes, the movement for reforms, the kinds of services that will be offered to the general public and also the quality of the resources and services that is put in use. However, as it is known, there is no universal management system. Contextual factors which includes things like political and socio-economic systems (Dorros, 2006, p. 5). Regardless of the nation that intends to perform health care reforms, the following questions have to be answered in order to arrive at the most plausible answers; when , what kind and from whom does one get the health care from? Who caters for the health care? how much can they be able to give?, and who paid how much and for doing what? For a country like Nigeria, the resources are not that available and there are numerous instances of corruption. Moreover, the health care system of Nigeria, not every member of the organization is educated to the level that is required. If Autocratic kind of leadership is employed, it is likely that it would not be efficient since there are limited number of doctors and more patients and nurses. It will make it significantly hard to for the leader of a health institution. If the Faire Laissez kind of leadership is employed in Nigeria’s health care system, there will be increased incidence of corruption in the health care system. It is because of this that it is necessary that such a method of leadership should not be put in place. Also the workforce is that which needs to be pushed around so as to perform tasks. An autocratic kind of leadership is bound to inhibit innovation and creativity if applied in the health care system. The participative leadership style seems a little bit beyond the integrity level of Nigeria and should be viewed as something that can be done in the future,

Animals with a saccade and fixate eye movements strategy. Why should Essay

Animals with a saccade and fixate eye movements strategy. Why should this be so - Essay Example In animals the visually elicited spikes have been supported by the modulation in Neuronal excitation. Naturally movements of the eye introduce artifact recordings that are done by the electroencephalographic commonly known as the (EEG). The saccade is the word use to refer to the fast eye movement. The eye being on organ in animals can be referred to as a device the same as in a machine that is very useful with the issue of providing sight to the animal as per that matter.When these simulations are done in a quick movement then this is termed as Saccade where both the eyes do move in the same direction. The focus that comes with the eyes moving straight to the area of interest or concern has been researched as being the fixation. For instance animals are able to detect danger and keep a sharp eye focus on the enemy or at times it might not necessary be danger but the animal has spotted its prey. This will cause more concentration as there is need for food (Johansson, 2001).. The eye at this point has been used for locating the food and then the hunting will take place. This strong focus is what is being referred to as fixation. There are always some small eye vibration that so important in visibility moreover to stand still objects. There is circular kind of movements that will be of great importance in giving a clear and stable image. When we refer to the issue of visual fixation we do refer to the starring of a given point. There is need for the co-ordination of the eye the head and other body parts that will bring Saccade and visual fixation to inter-marry. These bring about speed of responding to events and situations. Let’s take an example of a cheater hunting a gazelle in the field. The Saccade will occur when the cheater will focus and move as close as possible to the prey and the fixation of the eyes will be that it won’t change its focus on the prey (Regan, 2000). On the other hand when the gazelle notices the enemy it will moves with spe ed to save its life as the cheater remains focused to the prey to keep it alive or else it will die of hunger. Now the mechanics on the three fixations does occur when the eye movement is given the category of ocular drift. There are micro saccades and then the ocular micro tremors (Brain, 2006). Their function is to perceptual. Oscillation that occurs from this kind of fixation has not been well detected. The cat family, the primates the avian such as the eagle and owl has been reported to have the best fixation practices. They have a very sharp connection between the eye and the brain that helps the to be well adaptable their environment. They connect the neurons in various different visual parts and connect to their brain perfectly (Brain, 2006). This shows that the text processing is ‘on-line’ on a fixation by the fixation basis. In a similar way, difficult words often result in longer fixations. This indicates that cognitive process operates within single fixations . Like music playing, copy typing has a motor output. According to (Butsch, 1932),a typist of any skill levels always attempt to maintain the eyes about one second ahead of the letter he is currently typing. This is much the same as it is in music reading (Butsch, 1932). In both musical sight-reading and text reading, the gaze must move progressively to the right side. However, it is more complicated in that there are two staves -for key board players- from which the notes are must be acquired. As recorded by Weaver (1943), eye movements of trained pianists gets their gaze alternated severally between the lower and upper staves. This alternation clearly shows that notes that are to be

Retail Marketing and Logistics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Retail Marketing and Logistics - Case Study Example This paper will identify several theories and concepts on the subject of retail marketing and logistics. The focus of the paper is on one of the biggest international retail stores - 7-Eleven. The company, 7-Eleven, has a worldwide chain of convenience store in different countries. It is a leading operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience stores with 34,800 stores in 17 countries. The name of the company was derived from 7am to 11pm, its operating hours during the early stages of its existence. Today, the convenience stores are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The company started its humble beginning in Dallas, Texas on 1927 when an enterprising dock employee began offering milk, bread and eggs aside from its core business of selling blocks of ice. The first store was opened during Sundays and evenings; a time when grocery stores were closed. The business idea of an entrepreneur regarding convenience retailing was widely accepted by satisfied customers and became profitable through increased sales. Ironically, the story of 7-Eleven can be considered as the story of convenience shopping because it is the company that pioneered and invested on the idea. In 1991, two Japanese companies invested millions of dollar to finance the company in order to emerge from bankruptcy. As a result, 7-Eleven became a wholly owned subsidiary of Seven Eleven Japan Company which controls 70% of the company's stocks. The convenience stores in US and the rest of the world are mostly operated through licensees and affiliates. The paper will tackle the current positioning strategy of the company worldwide. 7-Eleven is positioned as a convenience retail store of consumer goods with diverse products and services that provides easy access to end-consumers. It is in the marketing strategies of the company and its brand name in the market that alleviated the market leadership of the company in convenience stores industry segment. The paper will also explore the competitive environment of global retailing industry where 7-Eleven plays as well as the different business strategies that the company employs in order to be recognised as the world's number one convenience store. At the end, the paper provides several recommendations for the company in order to sustain its growth in the retail industry. Identified opportunities for the company includes further geographical expansions and investment in private label brands as well as natural, organic products. Current Positioning Strategy 7-Eleven stores are positioned as low price general merchandise store that operates for consumer's convenience shopping. The convenience stores are saturated in high income and large traffic locations in order to exploit consumer spending. The strategy of the company is to become the preferred convenience store of consumers anytime anywhere. Retail Marketing Mix - Lauterborn's 4 Cs Consumer wants and needs The relationship marketing strategies of 7-Eleven follows the first C of retail marketing mix. The company identifies the customer's preferences and tastes as well as its buying trend through an integrated information system and in depth analysis of data. As discussed later on the paper, the layout of 7-Eleven store is carefully evaluated and is changed several times a day in order to respond to the buying

Who is winning the war on drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Who is winning the war on drugs - Essay Example United States has spent a lot of money on this war on drugs. It has cost the government billions of dollars yet this problem has not been solved. There are various ways in which problem of war on drugs affects many people in the world. The problem affects the people who use the drugs and also those whom their family members are addicted to the drugs. There are many ways that have been put in place to ensure that problem is solved. These methods will help in reducing the effects of drugs in the societies. War on drugs has been endorsed to ensure that drug abuse is eliminated but this war itself is becoming a problem in the society. The war is against the illegal drug trade that takes place in many countries. United States and other countries are supporting this campaign. This war on drugs has been there for the last 40 years but drug abuse has continued to kill many people. However, it is time to apply other techniques that can help to reduce drug abuse in the society (Roleff, 2004). Effects of drugs are experienced by many people, be it the users or those who do not use them. This is a problem that has been there in our societies for very long time. It has made it hard to win the war on drugs. This war on drugs has been made difficult due to the intensive use of the drugs in larger populations in the world. War on drugs has been experienced in many ways. The first people who experienced this war on drugs are those who are abusing drugs. These people experience the war in very hard ways. Most families have lost their treasured ones to prisons when they are got either selling or using the drugs. Many people have been jailed for many years since this war on drugs started. Most of the people who their family members have been imprisoned are against this war on drugs. Those who are got selling or doing drugs also have experienced the war on drugs in very harsh way (Inciardi, 2008). Some have been sentenced to lifetime imprisonment while

The Hollow Men by T.S. Elliot. Essay Example for Free

The Hollow Men by T.S. Elliot. Essay In The Hollow Men there is a conflict between an intense longing for a state of edenic purity and the contradictory search for a more lasting form of order through denial and alienation. It can be observed that The Hollow Men expresses the depths of Eliots despair, but the poet in a sense chooses despair as the only acceptable alternative to the false existence of the unthinking inhabitants of the waste land. The despair of The Hollow Men is controlled by intellectual principles, in the way the poem consciously evaluates experience in abstract terms, distinguishes between opposing states of being, and establishes, both in form and subject matter, the illusion of visionary experience. The poem represents the progress of Eliots own intellectual soul, but this progress is frustrated by the poets attraction to a visionary imagery. The Hollow Men replaces the rich and chaotic style of The Waste Land with an austerity of expression and a more contemplative mood. The formal strategy of The Hollow Men, like its content, seems designed to show how effectively the inarticulate influences the conception and creation of a work of art. The formal aspects of the poem imitate the characteristics of the hollow men it portrays. For example, their desire to avoid speech (5) is comparable to the poems general paused rhythm, and the technique of constant repetition and negation: The eyes are not here / There are no eyes here. (5) Moreover, the Paralyzed force, gesture without motion (5) applies not only to the men themselves but to the poem as a whole, which exhibits little narrative progression in the conventional sense and lacks verbs of direct action. As the hollow men walk together, say prayers to broken stones, and whisper meaninglessly, so the poem itself moves toward a conclusion only to end in hollow abstraction, broken prayer, and the meaningless repetition of a rhyme. The reduction of poetic expression to the minimum does away with metaphor and simile and produces a final section of the poem which almost completely lacks modifiers. The poetic style marked by verbal austerity and negation forms a counterpart  to the theme of rejection of the validity of human experience at every level. In this respect the poem expands on the theme of denial explored as part of the individuals search for meaning in The Waste Land. The Hollow Men explores this boundary situation in its images of finality or extremity and in a theme that comprises two different states of being. The poems speaker anticipates with dread that final meeting (5); the men walk together In this last of meeting places (5); the final section, in its generalized abstraction of all that has gone before, tells us that This is the way the world ends. The Dantescan image of the lost souls Gathered on this beach of the tumid river (5) belongs to a boundary theme that recurs throughout Eliots poetry: Prufrock escapes from the world of skirts and teacups to the world of visionary imagination by means of a walk upon the beach. (6) The protagonist of The Waste Land sits down and cries By the waters of Leman,(7) then on the shore with the arid plain behind me. (7) The persona of The Hollow Men has arrived, intellectually and physically, at the limit of one world only to find that its deliberate disguises (5) hide a limited lack of possibility: between capacity and existence Falls the Shadow. (5) (5) The Hollow Men, T.S.Eliot, (6) The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, T.S.Eliot. (7) The Wasteland, T.S.Eliot

Cricks view of politics Essay Example for Free

Cricks view of politics Essay This essay will explain Cricks views on politics, as outlined in his book ‘In defence of Politics’ (1962). That politics is a way to bring together differing opinions to resolves problems and disputes in a peaceful manner for the benefit of the majority and for the good of the populace. Cricks belief of what politics entails involves a democratic ideology and as we are considered to have a democratic society in which we live validating with quotes from cricks book. Also Crick highlights the importance of the difference of opinion people have, and such opinions being recognised, and being able to have freedom of speech, being unrestricted in the way that other countries are bound by dictatorship. Crick acknowledges that politics is never a straightforward business, in Cricks words, he describes politics as a â€Å"messy business†, being unpredictable, for example international and domestic events. This essay will use contemporary examples to show how this so. In the 2010 election, there wasn’t any party that had an overall majority (no party had more than half of members of parliament in the House of Commons), which meant that the Conservatives would be unable to have the majority of votes, to pass laws etc, without the support of other parties. In this case, the support came in the form of a formal coalition, with the Liberal Democrats. This being the first time Britain has had a coalition government in seventy years. This situation could said to be in accordance with what Crick asserted, that politics, ‘ideally draws all these groups into each other, so that each individually, and together, can make a positive contribution towards the business of government, the maintaining of order’ (Crick 1962: 18). Crick (1962: 16) stated that for some politics is muddled, contradictory, self-defeatingly recurant, unprogressive, unpatriotic, inneficiant mere compromise, or even a sham or conspiracy . In contemporary society, many would argue that this is the case, and the reason why we are seeing parties such as UKIP becoming more populer. Politics can also be on a micro level,involving issues on a smaller scale, such as in the family home, for example, refering to Crick Jones states that People or groups of people who want different things-be it power, money, liberty, ect-face the potential or reality of conflict when such things are in short supply. For instance, a situation may arise where a husband being given an employment opportunity,involving relocation to  another city,compromise would have had to play a big part,for financial gain for the greater good of the family,as the earning potential of the husband is greater than that of the wife. In this situation issues of power also being present, the husband having the advantage,having the dominant position,simple due to earning more money. In conclusion, although Crick wrote his book in 1962, his ideas regarding politics , and the positive role, he believes it plays,is still applicable in contemporay society today. In the case of the present day coalition ,political parties of differing ideologies,have had to join together for the smooth running of the country, for greater good of the people. However, Crick also recognised that politics is still very much a messy, complicated process,and not everyone would feel that politicians were working in their best interests. Also that compromise plays a vital part on both a micro and macro level to reduce conflict.

Community Care for Substance Misuse | Evaluation

Community Care for Substance Misuse | Evaluation From a service users perspective, critically evaluate people with substance misuse who live in supported housing. Introduction This paper discusses some salient aspects of community care of people with substance misuse who live in supported housing in the UK. Some of the issues that would be discussed include community care provisions with reference to legislative enactments; policy and practice initiatives in service sectors; a short review of the developments of community care policy and practice; an evaluation of the experiences of community care in a district and on different service users and carers– all these keeping in mind the requirement of anti-oppressive practice in working with service users and carers in community care. To keep the arguments within the ambit of the meaning and implications of the topic of discussion, and to impart clarity and precision to them, it is thought prudent to define at the outset the terms and concepts used in the course of discussion. A contextual definition of ‘service users’ adopted from the one given by Hanley et al in their 2003 INVOLVE report is that ‘service users’ are ‘patients; unpaid carers; parents/guardians; users of health services; disabled people; members of the public who are the potential recipients of health promotion/public health programmes; groups asking for research because they believe they have been exposed to potentially harmful circumstances, products or services; groups asking for research because they believe they have been denied products or services from which they believe they could have benefited; organisations that represent service users and carers† (Hanley, B et al, 2003, p.13). The words or the phras e â€Å"substance misuse† means the use of illegal drugs, or the improper use of alcohol, or prescribed medication, or over-the-counter medicines, or volatile substances such as aerosols and glue. ‘Substance misuse’ has become as much a serious problem among older adults as among the young; causing physical and mental health problems for them. Substance misuse has also the wider impact of affecting not only the lives of those directly involved but also those of their families and the communities in which they live. Gavin defines supported housing as â€Å"accommodation wherereceipt of housing supportservices is a condition of residence† (Gavin, n. d.) He continues to say that such â€Å"accommodationcan be grouped individual self-contained flats, or may be shared housing, with or without shared communal facilities. Support staff may be based on-site or be visiting staff. This type of housing is usually provided for groups of people with similar needs, e.g . older people, homeless people, people with mental health problems or those recovering from alcohol problems. People can live in supported housing for varying lengths of time, dependent on their individual needs and the type of service† (Gavin, n.d). Government Policy in respect of service and care In one of its published documents (DH 2002), the Department of Health has given detailed guidance about the regulation on ‘Supported Housing and Care Homes’. The document begins by saying that â€Å"Government policy for community care aims to promote independence, while protecting service users’ safety† (DH 2002). Contextually, here ‘independence’ would obviously imply the freedom for individuals to choose on their own the housing, the care and support, including the embedded choices in respect of risk and protection. One objective of the Care Standards Act, 2000 has been to ensure high standards of care and to protect vulnerable people. The Act, however, has not changed the definition of a care home and matters implicit in that definition. â€Å"In respect of personal care the specified types of care include assistance in physical activities such as feeding, bathing, toileting, and dressing; in non-physical tasks such as encouragement, advic e and supervision relating to physical activities; and emotional and psychological support in social functioning, behaviour management, and assistance with cognitive functions† (DH 2002). Anti-oppressive stance in service users and carers in community care In a multi-racial and multicultural society such as that of the UK, it is imperative that service users and carers should rise above common prejudices and discriminatory practices to be true to the requirements of their profession. To assist voluntary adherence to such practices, the UK has enacted legislation mandating anti-discriminatory practices in the provision of ‘social services’ and care facilities. This requirement is incorporated in the Sex Equality Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Children Act 1989; and reinforced by other legislations such as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, the Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Anti-oppressive practice demands knowledge of the legislation and an understanding of the personal values of service users. An Open University document says that some of the ways in which anti-oppressive practice enter into practice include â€Å"‘colour-blindness’ (or blindness to other aspects of identity): ‘multi-culturalism’: thinking that it is enough to learn about other people’s culture and to celebrate diversity without examining our own attitudes; concentration on one aspect of identity to the exclusion of others; failing to ask service users how they like to be thought of, in other words asking them to define their own identity; cultural relativism: excusing abusive or criminal behaviour on the grounds of culture or other aspects of identity; failing to act for fear of being thought racist (or sexist, ageist or disablist). Social workers need to examine and question the sources and nature of their own power and the ways in which this is exercised in their relations with children and families and service users† (OUL, p. 107). It is also necessary to encourage the use and implementation of the GSCC’s Codes of Practice to social care workers, service users and carers (GSCC, 2002). Service users relation with anti-oppression practices (AOP) need a little further elaboration, as it is a much debated issue and an equally ‘sore’ one in the repertory of the social workers’ kitty. It can be said that in recent years public conscience has been outraged at an all-pervasive emergence of AOP in the work of service users and a simultaneous emergence of the ‘philosophy of ‘anti-oppressive practice’ in social work challenging discrimination in all forms and along all lines of disparity, including race or ethnicity, culture, sexuality, gender, disability and age. It is to the credit of ‘social work providers’ to have pioneered this development and to come in for the brunt of much criticism (Wilson and Beresford, 2000). We find that in 1970 an influential document, The Client Speaks did not include in its sample service users people not born in the UK â€Å"since the reaction of ‘non-natives’ to social work ar e likely to be complicated by cultural differences, language problems and so forth† (Meyer and Timms, 1970). However, despite social work’s ‘commitment’ to AOP policies and practices, equal access to services and support, and the provision of â€Å"culturally appropriate services and support have continued to be qualified† (Watson and Riddell, 2003). Inadequate access, or repeated denial of it, to important social work and social care services were reported by minority ethnic service users, who also said to have been ‘pushed’ as it were to the use of less valued areas of intervention in care services (Beresford and others, 1987; Vernon,  1996). Morris (1996) says that there is a wide prevalence of ‘inappropriate assumptions about BME (Black and Minority Ethnic) service users’; â€Å"for example, the levels of informal support available to them, continue to be reported (Morris, 1996). Some issues relating to refugees and asylum seekers, â€Å"where social work may be expected to be part of the policing and control processes introduced where citizen rights have not been granted or have been refused† were also said to worrying issues. (Shah, 1995). Other issues pointed out by service users in which they experience problems relate to their social work practice on the basis of gender, disability and age (Morris, 1991). Another issue concerning community care, although not directly related to AOP, has been the ‘inordinate pressure’ for people to be placed in residential care. Large number of people is estimated to be living in such provisions and they include older people and disabled people of younger age, who according to service users could be supported to live in their own homes n accordance with the objectives of the community care paradigm. Along with the increase in the number of people in supported housing, another development has been that the service users have been able to impact on policy (Thompson, 1991). This has been evident from the introduction of direct payments schemes with new legislation in 1997 (Glendinning and others, 2000). People receiving direct payments have steadily increased in number along with the expansion of the range of service users receiving direct payments. (example, Newbigging with Lowe, 2005). It may be recalled that direct payments were pioneer by the disabled people’s movement. The aim was to put the individuals who received support to be in charge of the cash that the support would cost; and for them to decide on what support they wanted; from where to have that support (from disabled people’s organizations, for instance); to initiate and run such schemes; and for the support to be sufficient to make it possible for them to have ‘independent living’; that is to say for people to live their lives as far as possible on equal terms to non-disabled people or non-service users (Barnes, 1993). Direct payments scheme, however, met with serious problems and obstacles which undermined it. Local Authorities officials opposed it because they in the scheme a steep erosion of their control over their own services. In many instances the prescribed budgetary limits have meant that direct payments have often not been sufficient to ensure independent living. Further, â€Å"frequently there has not been equity between service users; the process of assessment has continued to be dominated by traditional professional values, direct payments appear often to have been understood officially in consumerist terms (as if people were just buying services), rather than as a means of empowerment, requiring infrastructural support; and contracts have increasingly been placed away from disabled people’s  organisations to commercial organisations which have undercut them and offered an inferior service. The cumulative effect has been to subvert direct payments as a truly different approach to personal and social support (Beresford and others, 2005). The government has reiterated its policy of individualised approaches to support a central plank in social care policy by bringing together different funding agencies to provide support for service users (Duffy, 2004, 2006). Care-service in Bradford To examine a representative district-centred programme to tackle the ‘evil’ of alcohol misuse, a brief account of the Bradford district’s ‘alcohol harm reduction strategy’ is considered here. According to a ‘Draft Status Report’ on the subject,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bradford is in the highest (worst) quartile for all three types of alcohol-related crime (all crimes; violent offences; sexual offences) included in the 2006 Local Alcohol Profiles for England (NWPHO). The number of all crimes in Bradford attributable to alcohol in both 2004-5 and 2005-6 was just over 12 per 1000, down from nearly 15 per 1000 in 2003-4; alcohol related violent offences for all three years was fairly stable at between 8 and 9 per 1000 population. Alcohol-related sexual offences increased significantly in 2005-6 to a three-year high of around 0.16 per 1,000 (NWPHO, 2006 – this data is based on the Government Strategy Unit’s formula for alcohol attributable fra ctions for each crime, which was developed from survey data on arrestees who tested positive for alcohol). 20% of Penalty Notices for Disorder (PNDs) issued by WY Police in 2004 to 16 and 17-year olds, and 24% of those to adults, were for alcohol-related disorders† (Smith, 2006). To tackle this problem of alcohol misuse Bradford District has put in place ‘the Bradford District Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy’ based on the 2004 National strategy for the purpose. The Bradford Strategy has the objective of â€Å"continually reducing alcohol misuse and the personal and social harms it causes, so enabling ever-increasing numbers of Bradford residents and visitors to live healthy and fulfilling lives, free from crime, disorder, intimidation, anti-social behaviour and avoidable health problems† (Smith 2006). Specifically the strategy aims to â€Å"reduce the number of people who drink alcohol above recommended limits; to reduce alcohol-related crime, disorder, nu isance and anti-social Behaviour; to reduce the harm caused by alcohol misuse within families; to reduce the prevalence of harmful drinking by children and young people aged under-18; to reduce alcohol-related accidents and fires; and to ensure that Bradford City Centre and outer town and village centres are areas that the local population and visitors can enjoy without fear of alcohol-related violence and victimization† (Smith 2006). The Bradford Metropolitan District Council APA Impact Analysis 2007, says that â€Å"134 young people in substance misuse treatment (April – Feb 07) shows 54 YP currently  Receiving substance misuse treatment from Specialist CAMHS [Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Service]; 100% of young offenders are screened for substance misuse in 2006/07, and 92.9% of those testing positive were referred for specialist assessment, an improvement of 16.4% on the previous year. The figure for entry to treatment also increased by 9.6%. In 06/07 there have been 4 substance related admissions to hospital in young people aged under19 years mirroring figures for 2005/06† {Bradford Metropolitan District Council APA Impact Analysis, 2007). Development of community care policy The UK community care policy is based on three planks of ‘autonomy’, ‘empowerment’ and ‘choice’ (Levick 1992). There have been disputes going on since the introduction of the NHS and Community Care Act (1990). On the one hand, the Act and its policy guidance have been seen as a significant development in the care reform for older people. Three factors have contributed to the enactment of the legislation: first ‘the marketisation’ of the public sector from 1979 onwards (Means and Smith 1997); second, in theory, joint planning between health and social services promoted integrated and multidisciplinary community services; in practice, such arrangements failed to realise such services and were criticised as pedestrian and patchy; and third, the government policy of privatisation encouraged people to enter private residential homes through a system of social security financing different from that of local and health authorities. (Mooney 1997). This policy essentially channelled public sector funds into the private institutional sector while leaving the domiciliary sector chronically under-resourced. It is the older people who were adversely affected in a serious manner by the policies of the 1980s in respect of community care. The Audit Commission (1986) pointed out the principal fallacy of the perverse fina ncial incentive which supported the development of private institutional care at the expense of community care, through the income support system. In 1989 government accepted the findings of the Griffiths Report of 1988 and came out with a three-pronged policy: user choice, non-institutional services promotion, and targeting. In 1990, the Community Care Act was put on the statute book. Conclusion In concluding this essay it may be recalled that this paper has been an exercise in delineating some important aspects and issues relating to people with substance misuse who live in supported housing in UK. In the course of discussion issues relating to the various concepts and concerns of the subject matter of the discourse have been explored and analysed. It was seen that service users want to see social work which will be non-discriminatory and which will intervene on their behalf, offer support to secure their rights and needs. It has also been seen argued that â€Å"social work could be more effective in safeguarding service users (both adults and children) from the risks that they currently encounter in the social care system, including serious risks of neglect, abuse, denial of rights, bullying, racism, etc† (Beresford and others, 2005; Branfield and others, 2005). References Audit Commission (1996) Balancing the Care Equation: Progress with Community Care, HMSO, London. Barnes, C. (1993), Making Our Own Choices: Independent living, personal assistance and disabled people, Derby, British Council of Organisations of Disabled People. Beresford, P. Shamash, 0. Forrest, V. Turner, M. and Branfield, F. (2005), Developing Social Care: Service users’ vision for adult support (Report of a consultation on the future of adult social care), Adult Services Report 07, London, Social Care Institute for   Excellence in association with Shaping Our Lives. Bradford Metropolitan District Council APA Impact Analysis, (2007): at www.bradford.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/7697DD51-729F-45D6-BF6E/0/BradfordMDCImpactAnalysis2007FinalVersion.pdf [accessed Oct. 26. 2008] Branfield, F. Beresford, P. Danagher, N. and Webb, R. (2005), Independence, Wellbeing And Choice: A response to the Green Paper on Adult Social Care: Report of a consultation with service users, London, National Centre for Independent Living and Shaping Our Lives. DH (2002); Department of Health: â€Å"Supported Housing and Care Homes Guidance on Regulation†; File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat; at www.cat.csip.org.uk/_library/docs/Housing/supportedhsgandcarehomes.pdf/ [accessed Oct. 26, 2008] Duffy, S. (2004) In Control, Journal of Integrated Care Vol 12, No 6, December 2004, pp 19-23. Duffy, S. (2006) The implications of individual budgets, Journal of Integrated Care Vol 14, No 2, April 2006, pp 7-13 Galvin, John: â€Å"Supported Housing: Definition†; at www.thehousekey.org/jargon-supported-housing.aspx/ [accessed Oct.25, 2008] Glendinning, C. Halliwell, S. Jacobs, S. Rummery, K. and Tyrer, J. (2000), Buying Independence: Using direct payments to integrate health and social services, Bristol, Policy Press Griffiths, Sir R (1988) Community Care: Agenda for Action, HMSO, London. GSCC (200) General Social Care Council: Codes of Practice for Employers of Social Care Workers, London, GSC Hanley, B et al (2003): â€Å"Involving the public in NHS, public health, and social care research: Briefing notes for researchers† (second edition), INVOLVE at www.invo.org.uk/pdfs/Briefing Note Final.dat.pdf [accessed Oct.25, 2008] Levick, P (1992) The Janus face of community care legislation: An opportunity for Radical Opportunities in Critical Social Policy, Issue 34, Summer 1992, pp.76-81. Mayer, J.E. and Timms, N. (1970): The Client Speaks: Working class impressions of casework: London, Routledge and Kegan Paul Mooney, KM (1997): â€Å"Preoperative Management of paediatric patient†; Plastic Surgical Nursing Journal, 17(2) 69-71. Morris, J. (1991), Pride Against Prejudice, London, Women’s Press. Morris, J. (editor), (1996), Encounters With Strangers: Feminism and disability, London, Women’s Press. Newbigging, K. with Lowe, J. (2005), Direct Payments And Mental Health: New Directions, York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation in association with Pavilion Publishing and Research into Practice. OUL: Open University Learning: â€Å"Anti-oppressive practice†: File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat – http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3499/K113_1_PracticeCards_p105-112.pdf / [accessed Oct.26, 2008] Powell. Jason L (1990): â€Å"The NHS and Community Care Act (1990) in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review† Centre for Social Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Shah, R. (1995), The Silent Minority: Children with disabilities in Asian families, London, National Children’s Bureau. Smith, Nina (2006), Senior Policy Officer, Bradford District Council: â€Å"Status Draft for Consultation; Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy For Bradford District†; at www.bradford.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2EDEB823-302B-4352/0/AlcoholHarmReductionStrategyconsultationDraft070 [accessed Oct. 25, 2008] Thompson, C. (editor), (1991), Changing The Balance: Power and people who use services, Community Care Project, London, National Council for Voluntary Organisations Vernon, A. (1996), A Stranger In Many Camps: The experience of disabled black and ethnic women, in Morris, J. (editor), Encounter With Strangers: Feminism and disability, London, Women’s Press. Watson, N. and Riddell, S. (editors), (2003), Disability, Culture And Identity, Harlow, Pearson Education. Wilson, A. and Beresford, P. (2000), Anti-Oppressive Practice: Emancipation or appropriation?, British Journal of Social Work, No. 30, pp553-573.

The Power of Preparation Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Power of Preparation There is an old adage that claims it is better to be safe than sorry. Most people living on planet Earth would agree. The art of preparation is a skill every old person wants the youth of America to possess. Business leaders want their employees to be better prepared. Simple everyday people want to be ready for all kinds of disasters that life may have in store for them. Someone who was trying to be wise once said,  ¡Ã‚ °Dig the well before you are thirsty ¡Ã‚ ±. This person was obviously relatively smart. Preparation is an essential tool for making life a more positive experience. First, success could come more easily if enough work was done beforehand. For example, many students dislike final examinations for one reason: the  ¡Ã‚ °cramming ¡Ã‚ ± study method. This method is ineffective, and makes students cranky and tired. Relationships at all levels become strained, and everyone is unhappy with everyone else. This situation can easily be avoided with one simple solution. It is preparation. If they had reviewed their notes and read their books periodically, then they would most likely retain all the necessary information to pass any final. Second, preparation can make lives of thousands more pleasant. Picture a red-brick building that is large enough for approximately 1,400 young adults. Now, picture about 400 extra people. Are there any problems that could rise from this high population density? Perhaps, there would be difficulties shifting from room to room...

Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate ABSTRACT: As a form of moral debate, discourse ethic, according to Habermas, is based on regulated discussion. Participating moral agents share a common understanding in the ideal speech situation. Following procedures they try to reach consensus on questions of justice and rights. Critics of discourse ethic point to the bias of Western assumptions regarding agents and methods, the danger of elitism, and the optimism and the pacifism that run through the theory. After modification, Habermas distinguishes two types of discourse: the discourse of justification and the discourse of application. The second is inferior to the first. In the second, there is room for negotiating. There is another way of looking at negotiation, one that takes negotiating seriously as an important category of human behavior. This category shows an interesting overlap with moral behavior. Distinguishing four concepts of negotiating and using reciprocity and trust as the moral minimum, Negotiating Ethics is pre sented as a two level moral debate, close to Habermas but morally different in essential aspects. I. Discourse Ethics: Habermas Habermas establishes his moral theory by externalizing the Kantian dialogue interieur. The externalization takes place in three steps. The first step is to transfer the mental deliberation of the Kantian individual into an interactive public deliberation of all those concerned with the moral topic in question. The second step is to conflate rationality with reason. Rationality no longer is a deduction from Reason, but instead it is an underpinning of reasonableness. In discourse ethic rationality means giving good reasons for choices of reasonableness. The third step is to view justice, not according to the categorical imperative, but by concentrating on the following of procedures. Claims concerning the content of moral deliberation must be avoided. What results is an elaborated, interactive Kantianism, concentrating on procedures but still claiming universalism. Continuing the line of critical theory, Habermas avoids the classical standards of Nature, God and Reason and instead presents the ideal speech situation: an attempt to interpret rational consensus procedurally, with no regard for the content. The ideal speech situation serves to summarize the rules to be followed in moral argumentation: symmetry and reciprocity. Symmetry refers to speech acts: each participant must have an equal chance to initiate and to continue communication, and to make assertions, give explanations, and challenge justifications. Reciprocity refers to action contexts: participants must have an equal chance to express their wishes, feelings and intentions, and speakers must act as if each of them has the same capacity to order, to promise and to be accountable. Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate ABSTRACT: As a form of moral debate, discourse ethic, according to Habermas, is based on regulated discussion. Participating moral agents share a common understanding in the ideal speech situation. Following procedures they try to reach consensus on questions of justice and rights. Critics of discourse ethic point to the bias of Western assumptions regarding agents and methods, the danger of elitism, and the optimism and the pacifism that run through the theory. After modification, Habermas distinguishes two types of discourse: the discourse of justification and the discourse of application. The second is inferior to the first. In the second, there is room for negotiating. There is another way of looking at negotiation, one that takes negotiating seriously as an important category of human behavior. This category shows an interesting overlap with moral behavior. Distinguishing four concepts of negotiating and using reciprocity and trust as the moral minimum, Negotiating Ethics is pre sented as a two level moral debate, close to Habermas but morally different in essential aspects. I. Discourse Ethics: Habermas Habermas establishes his moral theory by externalizing the Kantian dialogue interieur. The externalization takes place in three steps. The first step is to transfer the mental deliberation of the Kantian individual into an interactive public deliberation of all those concerned with the moral topic in question. The second step is to conflate rationality with reason. Rationality no longer is a deduction from Reason, but instead it is an underpinning of reasonableness. In discourse ethic rationality means giving good reasons for choices of reasonableness. The third step is to view justice, not according to the categorical imperative, but by concentrating on the following of procedures. Claims concerning the content of moral deliberation must be avoided. What results is an elaborated, interactive Kantianism, concentrating on procedures but still claiming universalism. Continuing the line of critical theory, Habermas avoids the classical standards of Nature, God and Reason and instead presents the ideal speech situation: an attempt to interpret rational consensus procedurally, with no regard for the content. The ideal speech situation serves to summarize the rules to be followed in moral argumentation: symmetry and reciprocity. Symmetry refers to speech acts: each participant must have an equal chance to initiate and to continue communication, and to make assertions, give explanations, and challenge justifications. Reciprocity refers to action contexts: participants must have an equal chance to express their wishes, feelings and intentions, and speakers must act as if each of them has the same capacity to order, to promise and to be accountable.

Football salary Essay

Many people think that footballers are paid too much money for doing too little effort. However, this can be argues because they are people who have dedicated their entire life to this sport and therefore they should be rewarded. But in the end there is lots of people need that money to survive and get some food and clean water. The money which is given to players should be reduced because what they do isn’t worth all the money they get. Because the average salary of a professional football player of February 2010 was listed at about $1.8 million year (Mandi R Hall, www.ehow.com). There are also other people that have worked harder throughout their lives by working and studying. Players perform a sport where they do not save anyone’s life unlike doctors who study for 6 consecutive years, work for several hours, and literally save people’s lives. But the problem is even doctors they don’t gut that high salary like the average in 2009 for doctors in the US was $226,000/ year (mdsalaries.blogspot.com). There are also other careers like police officers who devote their lives to provide a safe community. A single football player receives high amounts of money where half of this amount could be spent on medical supplies, help have a better education, and also help many needy people. Because billing school for example â€Å"The Williamstown Public School in Williamstown, Massachusetts is an old school, so they are currently building a new one. It costs $14.5 million and it will house 650 students maximum. The Williamstown Public School is about three times bigger than Mark’s Meadow. Since our school is about 1/3 smaller, it would cost about 1/3 less money to build. $14.5 million divided by three equals about $4.8 million† (arps.org).The player’s effort is insignificant and worthless compare to the amount of they get. The reasons why they should not be paid as much as they do, are: Children should be in better schools have a higher degree of education, people who work harder should get better salaries, the money people sent in football as a whole should be used better on investment or donations.

Mathematics and Moreno Valley

In all honesty, I don't like school much. My favorite class so far this year has to be either French or ACT. A few Of my academic strengths are that I'm a great listener, I don't like to waste time when I could be getting work done, and I check my work a lot to make sure it is correct or near correct. My academic weaknesses are that I won't ask questions if need help and most of the time the topics don't interest me. I like figuring problems out on my own because I learn better that way, but it can be a bad thing if I really don't understand the problem at all. In those cases, I don't know where to start fixing my problem.I like math because most of the time the answers are straight forward. I don't like having to explain myself. Dislike how long it takes to actually solve a problem and I also dislike how long math work can be. My most favorite math experience probably had to be Geometry last year. I understood it well and I was really good at it. To add to that, it was my favorite b ecause hardly ever had to study. Usually retained the information and my teacher taught the lessons well. I haven't had a math class dislike yet. Usually get an A in y math classes because I try to complete all of my work and tests with high grades or points.Before this school year, would spend thirty minutes Max to finish my math homework. This school year I've been spending 1-2 hours on math homework each night. In this class I expect to learn and understand algebra 2 well and earn a high grade. I plan to achieve this by completing all of my work and studying for the tests. Also, I'll try not to fall behind on any work that is due. To achieve my goals of understanding Algebra 2, it would help if you slowed down and explained more during notes. I'd also appreciate reminders of test dates.

Marianne Moore On “Bird-Witted” Essay

Born in Kirkwood, Missouri, Moore studied biology at Bryn Mawr College. After travelling in Europe with her mother, she taught at the U.S. Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and later moved to Brooklyn, New York, where she worked as a librarian. Moore first published her poems in such little magazines as the Egoist, Poetry, and Others, later editing the Dial, a highly regarded modernist periodical. In part because of her extensive European travels before the First World War, Moore came to the attention of poets as diverse as Wallace Stevens, Hilda Doolittle, T. S. Eliot, and Ezra Pound and corresponded for a time with W.H. Auden and Ezra Pound. In her poetry Moore experimented with the stanza and strived to unite what she called â€Å"precision, economy of statement [and] logic† with complex rhyme patterns, syllable counts, and ornate diction. Her volumes include Poems (1921), Observations (1924), Collected Poems (1951), and Complete Poems (1967). On â€Å"Bird-Witted†About the poem:The American poet Marianne Moore wrote poems quite similar to fables in their use of animals and animal traits to comment on human experience. Composed in (1951) and published in her Collected Poems, Moores narrative poem Bird-witted can attain the quality of fable as its being a brief allegorical narrative where the characters are animals who act like people while retaining their animal traits. The poem is about a mother mockingbird struggling to feed its three fledglings or young birds when a cat approaches them to mark the transformation of the mother from a feeding and caring bird to dangerously defending and protective. The First StanzaMoore chooses animals or birds to replace the existence of the world of man, there is no human but animals working like humans yet keeping their animal traits. Moore constructs in this poem and many other poems, a positive portrait of feminine figure. One of the strongest is, not surprisingly, the mother, almost all of them in animal form, who appear in  Moore’s poems of the thirties and forties. Moore lived with her mother all her life until Mrs. Moore’s death in 1947, who was a mother of uncommon intellectual gifts as well as possessiveness and surely had that deep impact on her own daughter. The poem starts with locating the three young birds under the pussy-willow tree waiting for their mother. The three large mockingbirds with wide penguin eyes are standing in a row beside each other solemnly till they observe their no longer larger mother approaching with what will feed one of them before going back to bring more for them. The Second StanzaHere, the stanza starts from where the mother bird is, as while flying it can hear the irregular squeaking of its hungry young birds similar to a broken springs of a carriage as well as spotting them below so tiny like brownish coloured freckles. (To them the mother is no longer larger, to her; they are still tiny like freckles. A common but interchangeable concern between a mother and her children when claiming their growth and demanding their independence and knowledge while her enforcing her possessiveness and protection over them). When approaching them and landing, the mother bird puts a beetle in one of the little birds beak but as it dropped out the mother puts it in again. An image enforcing their helplessness and her caring yet, strong hold over them. The Third StanzaThis stanza shows the process, of which the young mockingbirds express how their hunger is satisfied. As they stand in the pussy-willow shade with their grey coloured coats, they spread tail and wings, showing one by one, the modest white stripe lengthwise on the tail and crosswise underneath the wing,. One must not forget that their squeaks or the accordion as described musically in the stanza, is closed again and now they set to test their skills of flying while the mother is away. The Fourth StanzaThe narrator has to express the quality of the mother birds melody as delightful yet its unexpected but rapid change as flute-sounds leaping from the throat of the shrewd grown bird coming from the remote unenergetic sunlit air when realising the brood leaving their place and testing their abilities to fly. And how harsh the birds voice has become as the narrator describes. Moore’s embodiment of maternal behaviour in animal figures not only affirms the instinctual nature of such behaviour in general but also reflects (and to some extent explains) the ever-present animal kingdom of pet-names by which the Moore family members expressed their attachments to one another. This spirit of maternal protection is placed in Moore’s female figures as they come into the full strength of their unyielding devotion. The Fifth StanzaThis stanza is devoted to a spotted cat described as approaching and impending danger. The cat is observing the little birds and slowly creeping toward them while naively and out of ignorance they pay no heed to it. While one of the birds is in midst of its attempt to fly, its dangling foot that missed the cats grasp is raised and finds the twig or branch on which it planned to rest on. This incident is not to be left alone as the sixth stanza shows closure of this poem. The Sixth StanzaThe movement of this stanza is quicker than the previous ones, depicting the angry mother bird as it darts from the sky down where the cat stands. Its fear for the safety of its own little birds had given it the strength and courage to involve in a deadly combat where the cat is almost killed by the spear like beak of the bird and its angry wings. The enemy in the final lines, the â€Å"intellectual cautious- / ly creeping cat,† brings about an interesting point of the narrative, which is the transformation of personality brought on not only by the approaching danger of the cat but also by motherhood itself as the â€Å"bayonet beak† and â€Å"cruel wings† of the bird defending her brood, produces a seriocomic scene that Moore intended. This distinction between protection and injury was clearly an important one to a poet living creatively within her mother’s house. Structure:-Later in her life, in 1967, Moore confessed that the sound of the verse was more important to her than its visual pattern. She remarked that it ought to be continuous, and that she had always wanted her verse to sound unstrained and natural as though she was speaking. At the time, she expressed her distaste for the common place that she wrote in syllabic verse, in which the line lengths of a repeated stanza pattern are determined  by the numbers of syllables, rather than stresses. She confessed her liking to see symmetry and regularity on the page. -Thus, in Bird Witted, as each stanza consists of 10 lines, all the six stanzas are alike in length of line but this poem has no rhyming pattern though some lines rhyme together-The pattern itself is repeated with each stanza though the count of syllables differs as in: The 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th stanzas (the fourth line contains 3 syllables), the 3d and 5th stanzas (the fourth line contains 4 syllables). -Word breaking: as a word is split between the lines (sun/lit) in the 4th stanza and (cautious/ly) in the sixth one. -The fable like form, as animals replace human characters. -Assonance: in the repetition of the vowel sounds of (wide/eyes), (keyed/squeak), (their/pale), (crosswise/lengthwise)-Consonance: in the repetition of the final consonant sounds of (squeak/meek), (picks/puts)-Alliteration: as the (t) sound in (the trim trio on the tree-stem), (f) sound in (freckled forms), (p) sound in (planned to perch)

Best Tv Show Essay

First I’m going to talk about my favorite TV show. Its name is Prison Break. It all talks about someone whose name is Michel Scofeeld and a very big company in the U.S.A. this company tried to kill his brother by a very dangerous way. The make him seems as the killer of the president brother. They set everything for him to be arrested by this charge. Everybody thought he killed him except his wife and his brother who is our hero. They took him to the prison to set for killing because what he has done or I should say what they think he has done. His brother didn’t stay watching that. He was an engineer. He planed for his brother escape from the prison. He did a very big tattoo in his body which was not just a big tattoo; it was a very big map for one of the biggest prisons in the world in which nobody ever could escape it. The brother tried to steel a bank to get to the prison in which his brother is. He could make it and got to the prison near his brother. He has planned for everything even after they run away. At the end of the first season he could get his brother out of the prison, but the problem was that many people was killed in that operation, not only that the other problem is that ten of the biggest criminal in the U.S.A has escaped with them. The brother (the hero) will never forgive himself about what he has done. A nurse who helped them escape did face so many problems for her and her father, because her father was the governor of that city. He got fired from his job. After a little bit they found him dead in his flat. The company killed him because he knew very dangerous information about them. Any way the hero of our TV show didn’t make it at the end. He died to save his wife from the danger. I think I have to remind you that he got married from the nurse who helped him escape from the prison. The second TV show that I want to talk about is 24. It is very famous series it has eight seasons every one has 24 episodes. It all talks about a very big organization which tries to make the U.S.A falls down by killing the people of it. Our hero for this TV show is Jack Bour. He is a federal agent with a very big organization called C.T.U. In the beginning he worked over there as a normal agent and after that he changed to be the one who saved his own country so many times. In the first attempt for the terrorist to attack the U.S.A they kidnapped his daughter and wife. He did every possible thing for him to save his family. In the end of the season after he has saved his family someone who Jack trusted betrayed him. She was one of the terrorists she tried to run away from C.T.U by killing his wife in the C.T.U building. But Jack felt that very late. It is all make him crazy after losing his wife. He was about to kill that woman who killed his wife and who trusted. The first season ended with the falling of his tear. The fist and the second seasons are the only seasons which didn’t talk about Islam organization. In the beginning I liked it but at the end I really felt so bad in some views. By the way every one who Jack loved has been killed by those people to be eliminated. But the really couldn’t kill Jack because he was very strong in facing people using weapons.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Essay

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry The paper "Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry" is a worthy example of an essay on health studiesmedicine.ATDSR is a federal health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It mainly focuses on reducing public health risks related to exposure to hazardous substances. Its other main objective is to oblige to the public through receptive health actions to enhance safe and healthy environments and thwart unsafe exposures. ATSDR was conceived as a consultative, non-governing agency through the Superfund legislation and began operations in 1985. (American, p.2-34) I would place this agency in the Health and Human Department as it still is because its objectives related to those of the department as a whole. The ATSDR is currently being headed by director Dr. Christopher J. Portier. The director is normally appointed by the president and does not require approval from the Senate. Despite the fact that the agency is an independent functioning bra nch within the Health and Human Services Department, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) carries out most of its administrative duties. The headquarters for the agency is located at Atlanta, Georgia. (American, p.2-34) The roles the agency plays are more than many people think. It advises the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and community. It educates doctors and other healthcare professionals concerning the health effects of harmful substances and how to deal with their exposure. It also finances studies on harmful substances. The main problem facing the agency is the lack of knowledge about the hazardous substances among the public. This requires the agency to always endeavor passing or to receive information. The legislature has limited jurisdiction in the operation of the agency. (American, p.2-34) The legislature and the Governor have no direct authority over ATSDR. The activities of the agency will definitely raise interest from different parties. Institu tions that make food for the country must keep up with the developments in the agency. Hospitals and health professionals must also obtain the latest information and training from the agency. The operations of the agency have very important positive effects on the public. They greatly prevent the harm of the public caused by these substances and also offer solutions in the occurrence of these problems. The agency has generally played a vital role in improving the health in the country. (lollar, p.248-250)

Entrepreneurial characteristics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Entrepreneurial characteristics - Essay Example Entrepreneurial characteristics By exploring the characteristics and skills of entrepreneurs, I have a better understanding of what characteristics an entrepreneur should possess. He does not have to be a risk taker but must have confidence in himself and have good leadership qualities. To do this, he/she needs to have a vision, marketing skills, good communication skills, financial skills, good time management skills, administrative skills and also leadership skills. The type of entrepreneur depends on the kind of characteristics, behavior or attributes that he/she possesses. These attributes play a great role in determining the kind of skills possessed by the entrepreneur. For example, a person who is self-confident, persuasive, a good listener, inspirational has the marketing skills required to sell the business and its products. There are various theories that try to explain the personality of individuals or entrepreneurs such as the leadership theories, self-efficiency theory, effectuation theory, behavioral and communication theories among others. The paper will discuss these theories in trying to explain the entrepreneurial characteristics and also the extent to which these characteristics are found within the range of skills that they should possess. The sel f-efficacy theory advanced by Albert Bandura is based on the belief in oneself. Robbins and Judge (2010) interpret self-efficacy as the belief that one has the capability to organize and execute courses of action that are required to achieve specified goals. Individuals have different perceptions of themselves; some high expectations of achieving a certain objective while others do not believe in themselves hence they fear to initiate anything rest they fail. Self-efficacy thus determines how the entrepreneur pursues goals, tasks and challenges (62). A successful entrepreneur should have self-confidence so as to be able to set and achieve goals and also to get other people to believe in what he/she is doing. The self-efficacy theory is also based on experience. Most people observe entrepreneurs starting up businesses and either succeeding or failing. Depending on what one observes, his perception may change. For example, if one has experience of observing someone start up a business and fail, he may fear engaging in such a venture. People with high self-efficacy have the drive and motivation to attain certain goals and continue even if the business is not prospering since they believe they can make it. On the other hand, those with low efficacy do not have the motivation to start a business but Robbins and Judge (2010) argue that this is needed to allow an entrepreneur to learn more about the business before venturing into it. The effectuation theory advanced by Saras Sarasvanthy is based on the belief that there exists a market which an entrepreneur should discover. The entrepreneur in this case has the knowledge, skills, and the resources needed to start a business but the question is, is he/she ready to take risks? An entrepreneur should therefore be able to take risks since he is venturing into a business with an unpredictable future. Instead of calculating the returns from the business undertaking, the individual can venture in any business and shape its destiny (Sarasvanthy, 2008). Contrary to self-efficacy theory, one is not influenced by observing others but takes own initiative into the unknown. The entrepreneur in this case possesses such characteristics as risk taker, creative, good in grasping opportunities, decisive, likes learning by doing, and is a team builder since his work involves building

Discussion Board 8, Chapter 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 8, Chapter 10 - Essay Example But our group leaders had a tendency to challenge our abilities. They would often ask us how we knew something was too complex without even trying to accomplish the instructions for the experiment. Our leader chose to validate our concerns by understanding our point of view and then negotiated with us regarding how we could complete the chosen experiment. That is how we would find ourselves working out the â€Å"complex† instructions and actually getting the work done. Then we would find out that it was never too â€Å"complex† at all. Then there was the time when I was part of the school dance committee. Our theme was 80s retro. The cost of our decorations were beginning to skyrocket and our class president would often remind us that our budget was running low. Luckily, we were a highly creative bunch in the group who knew that just because something was expensive, that did not mean we could not have it. Rather, it just meant that we would have to improvise instead, and improvise we did. By getting everyone involved in finding a solution to the problem, the result was a highly cooperative group that managed to pull off a school dance that looked expensive on a shoestring

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Research Paper

Professional Knowledge and Abilities - Research Paper Example The association promotes professionalism in education through the provision of classroom mini-grants and scholarships designed specifically to help advance continuing education and student achievement. All members are eligible to apply for these grants and scholarships. Through the association newsletter, Education Matters, an easy-to-read and straight-to-the-point letter, members are updated with key issues in the education career. Indeed, featured articles with refreshing perspective in recent editions include â€Å"A Charter School Success Story in the Making†, â€Å"Reinventing Special Education†, Empowering Teachers to do Assessment† and â€Å"The Three Reasons We Must Teach History†. Furthermore, through the Individual Liability Insurance policy, the association guarantees $2,000,000 protection per occurrence, per member. In addition, the association’s Legal Protection benefits ensure that members have access to legal counsel at the onset of wo rkplace issues and Defense costs. The legal coverage takes care of legal action arising from out of duties.

Iphone 5 Holographic laser Key Board & Wide Screen Projector Term Paper

Iphone 5 Holographic laser Key Board & Wide Screen Projector - Term Paper Example In the computer market, where this company has traditionally been very strong, Apple has continued to strengthen its products by increasing their quality especially in desktops and laptops (Rouse, 1999). The latter has led to a great increase in the sales of the company, the sales in the Mac units alone brought in more than 10 billion dollars in revenue to the company, and this was a forty percent increase in sales from the previous year. Its continued innovative style and its ingenious marketing strategy, especially when unveiling new products, have continued to make Apple one of the leading companies in the IT sector. II. SITUATION ANALYSIS a) INDUSTRY There seems to be always a shift in the priorities of the IT sector every few years and this is most likely because this sector is currently thick with new product developments from the different companies involved in it. These products have become a part of everyday life and very few people all over the world can do without them. It is therefore certain that the demand for IT products, especially those developed by Apple, is going to continue rising significantly unless another company comes up with better and more advanced products than the ones it currently has on the market. There have been dramatic improvements in the functionality of Apple products and this can be exemplified by the recently introduced iPhone 5. This has been facilitated through the development of faster chips as well as the simplification of wireless technology as well as network servers to ensure that there is faster access to information through the internet (Yao, 2012). The IT industry is heavily influenced by the popular culture more than anything else is and it is because of this that many of the companies involved in it have remained successful through the years. b) COMPETITION In recent years, it can be said that most of the companies that manufactured computers such as Dell and Alien ware have been major competitors of Apple in t he market. Furthermore, Apple has come to face fierce competition from other companies in the online media sector and the greatest of these rivals has been Samsung, which has tended to produce products similar to those of Apple only selling them at cheaper prices (Burt, 2005). c) COMPANY The greatest strength of Apple as an IT company has been its ability to gauge and make the products which the public like and would like to acquire. Moreover, because of the high quality of its products, this company has come to be well known all over the world. Innovation is one of the things, which keep Apple going, and in fact, it is the main reason for its success globally. However, this company also has some core weaknesses and one of these is the competition, which it has with other companies that try very hard to outdo it by attempting to make better products. Furthermore, Apple products tend to be quite expensive and this discourages people from buying them even though they would have liked to (May Wong, 2005). Apple is one of the leading IT companies in the world and its progress in the market has risen over the years. This means that that the rate of its growth in the market has increased hence opened new doors for more ideas hence increased growth opportunities more and more. Many other IT

Decisionmaking behavior of the president during a major international Essay

Decisionmaking behavior of the president during a major international or domestic crisis - Essay Example For a time, the airline industry encountered severe economic difficulties. Analysis – Reagan’s decision may be due to his strong work ethics that he developed as a result of his childhood experiences. It was marked by poverty, an alcoholic father and a long-suffering, â€Å"do-gooder† mother. Despite said hardship, Reagan maintained an optimistic outlook that often defied the reality around him. He believed of hardship and that hard work will help people improve their economic standing. When the air controllers refused to abide his bidding, he might have thought of the consequence that time was wasted and that many under privilege would grab the chance to work for the government. Specially, since the time was marked with high unemployment rate. Another thought that must be considered was that his decision was not actually his idea. It could be influenced by his advisers and staff. For one thing known about President Reagan, he is constantly in conference with his government officials. It is good though that he was firm with his decision because it manifested strength as being the leader of the U.S. During the term of President Reagan, the country was in deep recession. To describe the U.S. economy, it was marked with peaked energy prices, high inflation rate and high rate of unemployment. Reagan entered his term with clear goals to change the existing system. From liberal social policy, Reagan wanted to reduce both the size and role of government in the country.1 His domestic policy agenda was concentrated on cutting taxes, balancing the budget, withdrawing support for social welfare programs, and returning powers to state government. He believed that if these can be done by the U.S., the federal government will be able to save billions of dollars and stimulate the economy at the same time.2 He then supported the Reaganomics which was the most ambitious reform effort of the Reagan government since the New

My Learning Styles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Learning Styles - Assignment Example I brought a paper, pen and my laptop as tools of learning. This results from the fact that I learn in different ways and could simply come to class to listen. In line with argument, it is vital that the teacher note that students learn differently, and it is their responsibility to accommodate all types of learning styles (Green, 2014). Technology can really assist with the concept of mixed learning styles. My learning style is visual learning, as I scored 60% of the total results. I was indeed not surprised about the results and I do not think that I only use the visual learning style exclusively as the auditory and tactile styles take up 10% and 30% respectively (Lecture notes, 2015). From the results, I realized that I learn through reading and seeing pictures and I mostly recall lots of things through my pictorial memory. At most times I learn through picturing the contents in my head. Simply put, my method of learning is primarily visual and I always prefer seeing what I learn. Interestingly, being a visual learner, I am very clean and neat. In the course of learning often close my eyes to recall various aspects, and in cases when I learn without watching a visual item, I get very bored and will barely follow spoken directions, instead get distracted by sounds. Colors easily attract my attention as opposed to stories that absolutely lack imagery. So as to improve my ability to learn as a visual learner, it is recommended that I sit in front of the classroom, have regular eye checkups, use of flashcards to learn new vocabulary, code things using color as well as avoid distraction during learning. Additionally, attempts to visualize things that I hear or things that are read to me, writing down main words, ideas, or instructions and drawing pictures that help expound on new concepts and then explain the pictures may prove useful to my learning (Lecture notes, 2015). Lastly, I learn how to remember that I need to see things and not

Independence Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Independence Day - Essay Example This paper discusses the history of the United States and the meanings attached to the Independence Day. On June 11 in the year 1976 a committee was appointed by congress to draft a declaration and the five committee members appointed included Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and Roger Sherman who presented this draft to the congress on 28th of the same month. Voting was undertaken on the first of July whereby each colony had a single vote, South Carolina and Pennsylvania voted against declaring independence, however the next day South Carolina reversed its decision. New York on the other hand did not vote because delegates lacked authority to vote, however authority was granted a week later, and therefore on July 2 the declaration for independence was passed however congress debated on the draft changing it and deleting some of its passages. On July 4 congress finished the wording and approved the Declaration of Independence and which is now celebrated as the Independence Day. Majority have the view that on 4th July the united states declared its impendence from British rule, there are various meanings attached to this day including a day which the united states ... The following is an analysis of the happening on and before July 4 1976. Independence: Many have the view that independence was achieved on the 4th of July, however the independence was achieved through a series of activities that led to the independence of the thirteen colonies in the united states. Many argue that on July 4 the United States declared independent but from the activities it is evident that colonies declared independent on the 2nd of July 1976. From history it is evident that there was a draft declaration of independence prepared by a committee selected by congress on the 28th of June. The draft declaration was tabled in parliament on the first of July, on this day a few states including South Carolina and Pennsylvania rejected the declaration while New York did not have the authority to vote. On the second of July voting was undertaken and South Carolina reversed its decision and there were a total of twelve votes that accepted the declaration and New York did not participate in the voting. For this reason therefore it is evident that the declaration of independence by colonized states was done on the 2nd of July where 12 states denounced colonial rule and declared independent from British rule. In the next two days congress edited the declaration deleting some of the contents of the draft including slavery and slave trade, the revised copy was made public on the 4th of July although many states and army commanders received the document days after. Signing of the Declaration of Independence: History have the view that the declaration of independent was signed on the 4th of July by congress, however it is clear that some did not sign the

The Effect of Deregulation Policies Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Deregulation Policies Essay 1.1 Background of the study Organization, corporations or establishment, just like the governments are governed by rules and regulations, in the same way every economy set out goals, which it achieves, through various means. Vibratory and fiscal policies are the stimulant to any nation economic development, especially with regards to Nigeria. However, in this study, the attention of this is mainly on the influence of deregulation on banks profitability in Nigeria. The discussion on the deregulation can be effectively carried out without understanding what monetary policy is all about. In this content, monetary policy could be defined as a policy which deals with discretionary control of money supply by the monetary authorities in order to achieve stated economic goal of society. The performance of the Nigeria economy has on the decline for a long time now. However the central bank has been issuing series of policies through which she tries to stabilize price in the country. The central bank which came into operation since 1959, has introduced monetary measures for the achievement of the national economic objectives, which range from the maintenance of a health balance of payment control or moderation of inflation through the acceleration of the peace of the economic development to the stabilization of the exchange rate of naira with foreign currencies. Deregulation could be defined as the removal of the unnecessary control which tends to inhabit or prevent the effective and efficient programme of economic and business activities. The regulators and deregulation in the banking sector/ industry have favored some banks while some other banks could not stand the weir of constant changes in the monetary and banking policies. However, deregulation goes with its merit which includes; the removal of inhibiting controls on economic activities, encouragement on investment and assurance of efficient allocation of resources. Over the years, Nigeria economic has witnessed changes in its economic policies. These changes have been carried out by the government and the monetary, growth and development these changes in policies have taken different sectors of the economy, directly including the banking industry. The financial sector and the banking industry in particular, due to its critical position and functions in the economy, have been the major focus of economic reforms. Reforms in the banking industry have taken the form of regulation and presently deregulation prior to 1952: banking industry was devoid of government interference this period regarded by financial operation and analysis as the era of free banking. It was characterized by free entry and exit with minimum of regulated of activities of operations. However, the laissez fair attitude contribution to early bank failure experienced in the industry between the activation of banks given its role as financial intermediaries (claiming saving to investments) in order to build a second and viable financial system. Also, regulation is used to correct distortions in the pricing mechanism of market forces. The country of the activity of the Nigerian banking industry stated with the enactment of the banking ordinance of 1952, which was followed by the central bank act of 1958, the exchange control act of 1962 and the banking act of 1969, the aims of regulation and economic efficiency and effective allocation of resources sometimes, the aims are not fully realized and experience has shown, especially in developing countries, that exclusive control by the stagnation. This is what happened in Nigeria in the early 2008 when the country was facing economic crisis of general rise in price of goods and services, unemployment, external debt problem , fall in total output and dividing revenue caused by fall in oil price. In other to overcome these economic crisis the country in 2007 to 2009, adopted a form of structural adjustment program (sap) with the objective of sustaining economic growth and development, price stability, exchange rate stability, prevention of unemployment and appreciable if not level of employment. These objectives were to be achieved through a determined price system and deregulation of economy. Deregulation is regarded as a major policy or strategy for revitalizing the economy. This is based on the fact that determination which embraces the removal of inhabiting controls on business and economic activities, will encourage competition, increase the level of investment and efficient allocation of resources. The financial sector and the banking industry in particular regarded as the oil that keeps the wheels of economy moving, has continued to experiences the force of deregulation in different areas of it operations. The deregulation of the industry started in 1987, with the liberalization of interest rate. The reform exercise has affected other areas of banking activities, against this background. The study will focus on the deregulation on the banking industry, process of deregulation, dimensions of deregulation, evaluation of reforms and effects on the banking industry. In the process of analysis, reference will be on the zenith Bank plc and Diamond Bank plc. 1.2 Statement of the problem: The banking industry, due to its intricate nature has been encountering problems, such as capital inadequacies, excessive liquidity, bank distress and subsequent legibility in order to minimize and eradicate most of these shortcomings there have been constant manipulations of strategies with the aim of strengthening the base of the banking industry. To overcome the above mentioned problems, then these questions will be considered:- i. How has regulation and subsequent deregulation affected the performance of the banking industry? ii. Have the banks performed better in term of profitability maximization of customer’s welfare and shareholders wealth as well as affected the economy positively under deregulation. iii. Should deregulation be supplemented with regulation in order monetary authorities to be able to achieve their aim and objective? In other to achieve the government objectives, monetary policies and other banking regulations must be implemented. The banking industry which is a major participant in the implementation of government regulation and deregulation faces some problems in its performance which for their study is measured in terms of profitability. This research therefore is to evaluate the impact of deregulation policies on profitability of banks in Nigeria. 1.3 Purpose of the study. The writers want to ascertain the effect of deregulation on the performance of banks, particularly on their profitability. The study will deal at length with the various Operational component of the banking activities which deregulation has affected. The study is aimed at i. Investigating the need for changes in banking deregulation policies. ii. Investigating the range of policies, that has been implemented within the period of study (1999-2009). iii. Determine the instruments of banking deregulations that should be used to ensure profitability and growth in the banking industry. To enhance the study, zenith bank plc and diamond bank plc will be used as reference banks. 1.4 Statement of hypothesis Ho: Deregulation has no direct effect on banks profitability H1: Deregulation has direct effect on banks profitability. 1.5 The scope of the study. The study covers the period of deregulation in the country but with in- depth study of what happen in the banking industry between 1999-2009. The activities of the supervisory and regulating authorities, during their period will also be examined, As well as how deregulation of the industry has affected profitability of the banks. The commercial banks selected for study are zenith bank plc and diamond bank plc. The choice of this bank is necessary since they have passed through all the area of banking policies in the country. 1.6 The significance of the study. Banks, be they commercial, deregulation or mortgage in every economy, ensure that profit is made through their credit facilities, as a result of the prevailing regulations, instituted by the regulatory authorities. This work will go a long way by helping the banks know the appropriate time to give loans. Also, it is the belief of the research to the already existing literature on the impact of deregulation policy on the profitability of the banks in Nigeria. Moreover, this work will have positive influence on educational studies and will aid other researches 1.7 Definition of terms i. Deregulation: is the removal or simplification of government rules and regulations that constrain the operation of market forces. In other word is the reduction or elimination of government power in a particular industry usually enacted to create more competition within the industry? ii. Policy: a policy is typically described as a deliberate plan of action to guide the decision and achieve rational outcome. iii. Profitability: profit generally is the making of gain in business activity for the benefit of the owners of the business. iv. Banks: a bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposit and channels. Banks are a fundamental component of a financial system and are also active player in an economic. v. Economy: Economies consist of the economic system of a country or other area, the labour capital and land resources, and the economic agent. vi. Rationale: the term rationale may refer to as the explanations on the basis or fundamental reasons for something. A justification or rationalization. vii. Interest rate: an interest rate is the price a borrower paid for the use of money they borrow from the lender, for instance a small company might borrow capital from bank. viii. Structural adjustment program: is an economic policy which countries must follow in other to qualify for new World Bank and international monetary fund CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Over the years many outstanding scholars have conducted extensive studies on deregulation policies and financial system. In this chapter the researcher discusses briefly some of existing literature on deregulation policies and financial system. This chapter covers the overview of the Nigeria financial system, the Nigeria Banking system, an overview of commercial banking in Nigeria, problem of deregulation policies and lot more. 2.2Overview of the Nigeria financial system. The Nigeria financial system could be seen or defined as a set of rules, regulations, financial arrangements, institutions, agent and other mechanism whereby they relate to each other within the financial sector and the rest of other sectors of the economy†. Furthermore, financial system could be defined as a conglomerate of various institutions, market, instruments and operations interact within any economy to provide financial services (CBN 98/06 pi). These services provided may include resource mobilization and allocation, financial intermediate trade among others. In Nigeria, the financial system has undergone remarkable changes in terms of ownership structure, the instruments employed, the number of institution established, the economic environment and the regulatory framework within which the system operates the Nigerian financial system is made up of regulatory/supervisory authorities as well as banks and non-bank financial institutions. The federal ministry of finance(FMF), central bank of Nigeria (CBN), Nigeria deposit insurance co-operation (SEC), national insurance commission (NIC), federal mortgage bank of Nigeria (FMB.N) and the national board for community banks (NBCB) are the regulatory and supervisory authorities, in Nigeria through the CBN report to the presidency through the federal ministry of finance in all monetary matter it has effectively assumed the leadership of all banking institutions in the financial system. To this effect, the CBN has the responsibility for the control and supervision of all commercial, merchant and co mmunity banks, people banks finance house, development banks and all discount house and other (ibid ppi-2) In recent times, the Nigeria financial system has witnessed some changes. Among these changes were financial malpractices in banks decree no.8 of 1994. The decree was promulgated to facilitate the prosecution of those who contribute to the failure of banks and to recover the debits used to the failed banks. Also, the inauguration of the financial services regulatory coordinating committee (FSRCC) by the central bank of Nigeria in 1994 to coordinate and standardize the regulatory policies of all financial institutions in the system. This committee is to ensure some level of co-operation among the regulatory agencies. However, in 1995 above, three (3) decrees were promulgated to further regulate the financial system. These were the money laundering decree, the Nigeria instrument promotion commission decree and the foreign exchange (monitoring and miscellaneous provision) i.e Decree no.3, no16, no17 respectively. The aim of decree no.3 is to prevent drug money and other illegally required asset from entering into the financial system, so that the damaging effect of such monetary injection is forestalled. This decree stipulated limited amount of cash dispositions or payment to be made or accepted in our banks to N500, 000 (five hundred thousand Naira) for an individual and N 2,000,000 (two million Naira) for a corporate entity, unlike the institution before this decree when one was forced to pay in or withdraw any amount of cash from the bank. The Nigerian investment promotion commission is challenged with the responsibility of encouraging. Promoting and co-coordinating investment activities in Nigeria. The commission is also empowered to institute and support the measures that would enhance the investment conditions for both Nigeria citizens and foreign investors too. On the other hand, the foreign exchange decree no.17 answers the CBN with the approval of the finance minister to issue guideline to regulate the producers for transaction in the ministry to market as well as other matter, which may enhance the effective operations of the market. The decree provides for any convertible foreign currency to be traded in the foreign exchange market. In 1994, the central bank of Nigeria –CBN decree no25 both of 1991 was amended. This includes the withdrawal of autonomy of the CBN with its supervision placed under the federal ministry of finance. The power of the CBN over the financial system was enhanced by this decree. This decree, also fixed the minimum capital requirement of both commercial and merchant banks at a uniform level of N 500m.(five hundred million naira) instead of the former N50m (Fifty million Naira) and N 40m (forty million naira) for commercial and merchant banks respectively. In addition, the Nigerian deposit insurance corporation (NDIC) decree no 22 of 1988 was amended to give more power to the corporation to deal with insured banks and act independently of CBN on matters affecting banks. 2.3 The Nigeria banking system Many countries of the world have for a long time now recognized the importance of banking services in the promotion of economic growth. In fact, to have a firm control of the economy, the entire financial system must be under control. In this order, a body, an entity or an agency must be in charge. In Nigeria, the central bank of Nigeria-CBN is the main organization that supervises the operation of the financial system; the CBN act of 1958 commenced its operations on 1st July, 1959 with the sole aim of making the monetary policies of the country. The CBN is the apex bank, the lender of last resort, banker’s bank, and it is responsible for the regulation of the entire banking operations. All these functions and more are being performed with directives from the presidency through the federal ministry of finance and in collaboration with Nigerian deposit insurance corporation (NDIC). One of the principle objectives of the CBN is to promote monetary stability and soundness of the financial system. To actualize this, CBN conducts regular supervision and examination of banks as a means of maintaining surveillance on banking operation to ensure compliance to decree spelt out by the industry authorities (CBN 2007). On the hierarchy of monetary management, the apex bank (CBN) comes first, then followed by other banks. These banks include commercial banks, merchant banks, development banks, people’s bank and community banks, amongst others. The peoples banks, has continue to increase in number from the date of establishment and as at 1996, the number of branches has come up to 175. The micro-finance bank is a self-sustaining or a group of communities. All the community banks are under the regulatory supervisory control of started in December 1990. As at 1996, the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) had given provisional license to 1366 community banks. The above is an x-ray of the banking industry in the country. An overview of commercial banking in the country is therefore relevant for a thorough understanding of the research. 2.4 An overview of commercial Banking In Nigeria A commercial bank could be defined according to section 41, subsection (1) Of the Nigerian banking decree of 1964, and paragraph (a) as â€Å"any person who transacts banking business in Nigeria and whose business includes the acceptance of deposits, withdraws able by cheque† The possession of a valid license duly granted by the commission of companies, duly incorporated in Nigeria is also a prerequisite for the transaction of banking business. Commercial banks are dual intermediaries in the domestic and international spheres. At the domestic level, the banks mobilize fund from the surplus sector or unity of the economy and at the international level, they provide the channel through which foreign exchange is transferred to or received from other countries of the world in the settlement of international transactions. Commercial banks are different from other banks because of the nature of services they render to their customers, which commercial banks started operation in 1982 and performed some functions. These Functions include acceptance of deposits, granting of loans and advances, the operation of payment and settlement mechanism. Merchant bank on their own are wholesale banks that take deposit and carter for need of corporate and institutional customers. Their main role is to provide a medium for long term financing by engaging in a activities such as equipment, leasing, loaning, syndication, debt factoring project financing. The first merchant bank in Nigeria is the Nigeria acceptance limited (NAL). This bank started operates in 1960. However, by December, 1996, there were about 51 merchant banks, with about 147 branches nationwide, while their total asset amounted to 111,206.9million compared with 91,803 million in 1995 (CBN OPP.5). On the other hand, the development bank in the country including the Nigeria Industrial Development Bank (NDIB) was established in 1964 to provide credit and other facilities to industries, especially to medium and large scale enterprises. The Nigeria bank for commerce and industry (NBCI) come into existence as a result of the promulgation of decree 22 of 1973, with the aim of developing indigenous enterprises particularly, the small and medium scale once. The Nigeria agriculture and commercial bank was established in 1973 mainly to financed agricultural development project and allied industries, Decree No22 of 1990 establish the people’s bank. The bank was ear-marked by the federal government in 1988 budget with an initial allocation of N 30m, through with legal statute in 1990. The bank was established to meet the credit needs of small borrowers who cannot satisfy the stringent collateral requirement being demanded by other banks. Other banks cannot do. These are the acceptance of saving account, current account and fixed deposit account from individuals, retail and corporate customers and the payment and collection of cheques. The service which commercial banks and other banks perform includes discounting of bills, undertaking of executorships and trustee services, safe custody of securities and other valuables. Commercial banks in the country have continued to dominate banking sector accounting for 82.6% and 90.4% of the banking industries total asset and deposit liabilities, respectively in 1996. The introduction of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in 1987 brought about the establishment of many banks in the country and made banking business a lucrative nature. As at 1996, there were about 64 commercial banks in Nigeria with 2,402 branches as against 30 banks with 2397 in 1986. (CBN OPCIT P, E).The reason for this rapid growth is due to the introduction of SAP which led to the gradual deregulation of the economy. The increased number of banks notwithstanding, a significant proportion of the liabilities and assets of all commercial banks in Nigeria are still in the hand of 3 big banks (first bank, union bank, zenith bank and).since the event of global meltdown, they are the only banks in Nigeria capable to declared dividend. The control of the banking sector is in their hands and the rate at which they feel the impact of the monetary policies, bank regulation and deregulation would range from those of the smaller banks and the new generation banks. 2.5Monetary Policies in Nigeria Monetary policies could be seen as one of the policy tools available to the managers of the economy. It involves the variation in credit conditions- cost availability, impact with a view to achieving the economic objectives such as price stability that is prevention of inflation or deflection (as the case may be), economic growth and development, balance of payments equilibrium, high level of employment and equitable distribution of income. In other words, monetary policy could be defined as the regulation of the supply of money and bank credit for the promotion of selected economic objectives. According to Hanson (2007) â€Å"The purpose of monetary policy is to influence the supply of money in order to expand or contract the volume of the purchasing power in the volume of the purchasing power in the country. He went further to say that an increase in the volume of purchasing power is expected to stimulate demand and investment, increase output and reduce unemployment. The policies used by each country are varied in accordance with some economic laws, aimed at steering the economy towards a desired direction. However, these and other government directives or pronouncement are among the banking and deregulation policies.